Implement Authorization

Quick Reference

Core Process

Implementation Workflow

1. Add gem — add pundit or cancancan to Gemfile and run bundle install
2. Generate base — run the gem's installer (rails g pundit:install or rails g cancan:ability)
3. Define policies/abilities — create policy classes (Pundit) or populate the Ability class (CanCanCan); always use policy objects, never inline authorization logic in controllers
4. Authorize in controllers — call authorize @record (Pundit) or authorize! :action, @record (CanCanCan) in each action
5. Verify authorization — attempt an unauthorized action in the browser or console and confirm it raises Pundit::NotAuthorizedError or CanCan::AccessDenied as expected; use persisted records (e.g., User.create!) not unsaved ones
6. Scope queries — use policyscope(Model) or accessibleby(current_ability) for index actions
7. Test all roles — write policy specs and request specs covering admin, owner, and guest; check specific permissions, never presence checks alone

Patterns

Pundit

class PostPolicy < ApplicationPolicy
  def update?
    user.admin? || record.user_id == user.id
  end
end

CanCanCan

class Ability
  include CanCan::Ability

  def initialize(user)
    can :update, Post, user_id: user.id
    can :manage, :all if user.admin?
  end
end

Troubleshooting

Testing

Cover every role (admin, owner, guest) in both policy specs and request specs.

Minimal Pundit policy spec

RSpec.describe PostPolicy do
  subject { described_class.new(user, post) }

  let(:post) { create(:post, user: owner) }
  let(:owner) { create(:user) }

  context 'as admin' do
    let(:user) { create(:user, :admin) }
    it { is_expected.to permit_action(:update) }
  end

  context 'as owner' do
    let(:user) { owner }
    it { is_expected.to permit_action(:update) }
  end

  context 'as guest' do
    let(:user) { create(:user) }
    it { is_expected.not_to permit_action(:update) }
  end
end

Output Style

When implementing or reviewing authorization, the output answer.md must include:

1. Manual Denied-Action Verification — a dedicated section with simulated Rails console output showing the authorization exception raised when an unauthorized action is attempted. Always use persisted records (User.create!, Post.create!), never unsaved ones.
2. HTTP and Policy Verification — concrete curl requests or controller test commands with expected HTTP response codes (e.g. 403 Forbidden or 302 Found) when access is denied.
3. Language — English unless explicitly requested otherwise.

See [references/output-style.md](references/output-style.md) for full formatting examples including Pundit and CanCanCan console output templates.

Integration

Extended Resources (Progressive Disclosure)

Load these files only when their specific content is needed:

• [EXAMPLES.md](EXAMPLES.md) — Use when you need complete Pundit or CanCanCan implementation examples beyond the inline samples
• [references/workflow.md](references/workflow.md) — Use when you need the step-by-step authorization implementation workflow diagram
• [references/output-style.md](references/output-style.md) — Use when you need full formatting templates for console verification output