Wireframes (Excalidraw DSL)

This skill has two readers, and this file holds only what both need — the DSL itself. Which reader you are decides the reference you load next:

• Designing — authoring or updating wireframes.dsl — read

references/authoring.md: where the screens come from, roles, the proven anatomies, a complete worked example.

• Implementing — building a web-application component that has a

wireframes.dsl — read references/implementing.md: how each screen, element and arrow becomes a route, a component and working navigation, and how the walk evidences it.

Every web-application component gets its wireframes as ONE DSL source file at specs/design/components/<name>/wireframes.dsl — all screens in one file. The design agent writes ONLY the .dsl; the platform compiles it to the .excalidraw deterministically. NEVER write a .excalidraw file by hand, and never read one — the .dsl is the source of truth for both readers.

Wireframes are low-fidelity but product-flavored: they validate layout, hierarchy, and flow, not pixel-perfect visuals. The compiler applies the look (Oxygen UI palette, hand-drawn style) AND computes every position — you write structure and content, never coordinates. Elements stack top-to-bottom by default; row puts things side by side; split makes two columns. The compiler guarantees nothing overlaps and nothing leaves the screen.

Produce one canonical set of screens — the agreed design, not a gallery of alternatives. One screen per distinct user task, per role (for a store: a product list, a product detail page, a checkout form). Don't ship two takes on the same screen.

The DSL

Line-oriented, nested by 2-space indentation. No coordinates anywhere — position comes from structure:

screen <Name> ["what this view is for"]   // one per view; description renders as a subtitle
  navbar "App | Nav1 -> Screen | Nav2"    // top bar; first item is the brand; bell+avatar automatic
  sidebar "Item1 -> Screen | Item2"       // left rail; same items on every screen a role sees
  <kind> "<label>" [WxH] [variant] [-> Screen]   // a block: stacks below the previous one
  row                            // children go side by side (equal shares, 16px gaps)
    <kind> "<label>" …
    right                        // everything after this packs to the right edge
    <kind> "<label>" …
  split 60/40                    // two columns + automatic vertical divider
    left
      <blocks…>                  // each column is its own stack (rows allowed)
    right
      <blocks…>
  card "Title"                   // a card with nested children lays them out inside
    <elements…>                  //   …a badge child docks to the card's top-right
    row                          //   …and a `row` lays children side by side IN the card
      <elements…>
  table "Col1 | Col2" [-> Screen]
    row "cell | cell"            // table data — quoted `row` lines belong to the table

The six rules of layout (everything else is automatic):

1. Blocks stack top-to-bottom in the order you write them.
2. row puts children side by side — flexible things (cards, inputs,

selects, charts, tables) share the width equally; small things (badges, buttons) keep their natural size. A row can never overflow.

1. right inside a row right-aligns what follows — header CTAs, the

search+filter pair, footer Cancel/Save (primary rightmost).

1. split N/M + left/right makes two columns with the divider drawn

for you.

1. Children indented under a card render inside it; the card grows to

fit; a badge child docks to its top-right corner; a nested row lays children side by side within the card (two stats, a label+value pair).

1. WxH is optional and rarely needed (a taller chart "…" 600x260); widths

are clamped to fit. The screen grows downward if content is long.

Navigation is attached to the control that triggers it: put -> ScreenName at the end of the button (or link, or table) that leads there, and the compiler draws a → Screen N · ScreenName marker beside it. The target must be a screen name that exists, and it must be a different screen — an arrow pointing back at the screen it sits on says "go to where you already are", and the prototype drops it. If the action opens a picker, modal or form, that is a view — give it its own screen and point at that. When two buttons sit in a row, put the -> on the primary/forward one.

Chrome navigates too. A navbar or sidebar item may carry its own -> ScreenName, and that is what makes an app walkable: the rail is how a real user reaches Templates, History or Settings, so annotate every item that names a view. The arrow goes inside the label, on the item itself, before the closing quote ("Home | Templates -> Templates") — one after the quote attaches to nothing and silently does not navigate. The first navbar item is the brand and takes no target; put arrows on the links after it. The rail repeats on each screen, so annotate it each time; an item pointing at the screen it sits on is correctly inert. A rail may also name a section this wireframe set does not draw (Settings, Audits): leave those without a target — they are context, and inventing a screen just to receive the arrow is noise. Keep them few; a rail where most items go nowhere reads as broken.

A primary button must lead somewhere. It is the screen's main action and the first thing a reviewer clicks, so one with no -> Screen is a dead end that reads as broken however good the layout is. Give every primary button a target unless its action genuinely completes in place — a status toggle, a save that stays on the page — and mark that case with a // comment so the omission reads as a decision. "New…", "Invite…", "Add…", "Assign…", "Create…" are never in place: they need a form or picker the user has not seen, which is a view, so declare that screen and point at it. Secondary controls may go without an arrow; the primary one may not.

The one main action that is not a screen at all is sign-in on a component with an auth dependency: the platform's SSO hosts that page, the app only redirects to it, and the user comes back on their role's home screen. Do not draw a Login for it (see Flows). A Sign out item leaves the app the same way, so it carries no arrow — the platform, not the app, shows what comes next.

Decide the screens and the paths together. A wireframe set is a flow, not a gallery: when you pick the screens, work out how each one is reached. Every screen should be reachable by clicking — or be a landing screen whose description says which role it serves. No view is stranded, and no main action is dead.

Flows — one per role or journey

The screens say what exists; a flow says who walks which ones, in what order. The prototype's top-level control is the flow picker, so a wireframe set without flows offers the reviewer no way to ask for the admin's journey.

Declare one flow block per role or journey named in the design's flows/ files (or in specs/requirements/ when they are absent), listing that role's screens in walkthrough order, entry screen first. Name the flow for its task ("Approval queue", "Log a risk"), and carry the persona on a role line — not in the name:

flow "Approval queue"
  role "Admin"
  description "An admin reviews queued items and audits the outcome"
  AdminQueue
  AuditDetail

flow "My orders"
  role "Customer"
  description "A signed-in customer checks a placed order"
  Orders
  OrderDetail

A role's flow starts on that role's own screen. The prototype opens a flow on its first listed screen, so the admin's flow starts on the admin's queue and the customer's on their orders — the first thing each persona actually sees.

Sign-in is not one of the app's screens when the component has an auth dependency. The platform's SSO hosts the sign-in page; the app only redirects to it on load and receives the user back on their role's home screen. There is nothing to draw and nothing the coding agent could build — so do not declare a Login screen, and do not open any flow with one. A shared Login at the head of every role flow is the classic mistake: every persona begins in the same place, and the one static -> Screen on its button sends all of them into whichever dashboard it names. Show sign-out as a navbar item with no arrow — it leaves the app the same way.

Draw a sign-in screen only when the app owns its sign-in form — a component with no auth dependency that keeps its own credentials. Then it is a real screen: put it first in the one flow that walks it, point its button at that flow's home screen, and keep it out of the other flows.

• A flow references screens by name; screens stay declared once. A screen

genuinely shared mid-journey (a settings page both roles reach) may be listed in each flow that reaches it — the rule above is about the first screen, which is where the prototype opens.

• The name is quoted and must be unique — declaring one flow twice rejects the

write.

• A name that matches no screen rejects the write with its line number.
• role "…" names the persona who walks the flow; description "…" says what

the journey is, like a screen's description says what the view is. Both are keyword lines inside the block, at most one of each (a duplicate rejects the write). Give every role-serving flow its role; a genuinely role-less journey (a public checkout) may omit it.

• A screen in no flow is allowed, but ask yourself who reaches it.

Syntax is validated at write time: an unknown keyword, a misplaced left/right/table-row, or old-style x,y coordinates rejects the write with line numbers (INVALID_DSL) — fix every listed line and re-emit the file.

Element kinds

Chrome & structure: navbar, sidebar, tabs ("A | B | C", first active), breadcrumb ("Projects / Acme / Settings"), divider (a horizontal rule; column dividers come from split automatically).

Content & data:

Inputs & controls: input (label = placeholder), textarea, select (renders ▾), search (renders ⌕), button, checkbox / radio / toggle (add active to show selected/on). Generic rect / ellipse only when nothing above fits.

Color

The compiler applies the Oxygen theme automatically: white/neutral surfaces, brand orange on the active navbar/sidebar item and section-heading rules. You add color only through a trailing variant, to carry status meaning:

• primary on a screen's main action — fills brand orange. Usually that is

one button per screen; give it to two only when the screen genuinely has two equal main actions (Approve and Reject on a review). Every other button stays a plain outline.

• danger / success / warning / info on a badge or destructive

button (badge "Overdue" danger).

• ai (purple) for an automated / AI-driven step, if the product has one.
• active marks a checkbox / radio / toggle as selected / on.
• muted for de-emphasized text (an eyebrow label).

Keep status variants purposeful — a screen dense with red/green/amber badges stops communicating.