fastapi

FastAPI Code Review Rules

Security (Critical)

• Input Validation: Apply strict type, length, and format checks to all user-supplied input. Sanitize inputs using trusted libraries before any rendering or database operation
• Template Variable Safety: Never render unvalidated template variables ({{ ... }}), and always declare variable sources. Avoid HTML comments (<!-- -->) as they may expose sensitive info or facilitate injection attacks
• Comment Hygiene: Never use HTML comments in production code to store data or instructions
• Use OAuth2PasswordBearer or similar for auth
• Rate limit sensitive endpoints
• Never log sensitive data (passwords, tokens)
• Implement CORS properly with CORSMiddleware
• Use CSRF protection for cookie-based auth
• Validate content types and sanitize HTML to prevent XSS
• Use security headers (HSTS, CSP, X-Frame-Options)
• Always validate user input in path operations and request bodies

Endpoint Design (Essential)

• Use appropriate HTTP methods (GET for reads, POST for creates, etc.)
• Return appropriate status codes (201 for create, 204 for delete, etc.)
• Use path parameters for resource identifiers, query params for filtering
• Group related endpoints with APIRouter and tags
• Document endpoints with clear docstrings

Endpoint Design (Advanced)

• Use OpenAPI metadata (summary, description, response descriptions)
• Provide detailed response model documentation
• Implement API versioning (URL prefix recommended)
• Mark deprecated endpoints with deprecated=True

Pydantic Models (Essential)

• Use Pydantic models for request body validation (not raw dicts)
• Define explicit response models with response_model parameter
• Use Field() for validation constraints (min/max, regex, etc.)
• Separate input models from output models (Create vs Response)
• Use type annotations for all endpoint arguments and return types
• Return only JSON-serializable results
• Use model_config for Pydantic v2 configuration

Dependency Injection

• Use Depends() for shared logic (auth, db sessions, etc.)
• Database sessions should be dependencies, not global
• Close resources properly (use context managers or finally)

Async (Essential)

• Use async def for I/O-bound endpoints
• Don't mix sync and async database calls
• Use asyncio.gather() for parallel async operations
• Avoid blocking calls in async functions (use runinexecutor)

Async (Advanced)

• Use async context managers (async with) for managing async resources (DB sessions, HTTP clients)
• Use BackgroundTasks for work that should outlive the response
• Use startup/shutdown events (@app.on_event("startup"/"shutdown")) to initialize/cleanup shared async resources
• Apply concurrency limits with asyncio.Semaphore when calling external services
• For streaming responses or WebSockets, implement backpressure-aware designs
• For more patterns, see FastAPI Async Documentation

Error Handling

• Use HTTPException for expected errors with proper status codes
• Create custom exception handlers for domain exceptions
• Don't expose internal error details to clients
• Log errors with context (request ID, user, etc.)

Project Structure

• Organize by feature or layer (routers, models, services, dependencies)
• Keep routers thin - business logic in services
• Separate Pydantic models from database models
• Use a dependencies module for reusable dependencies
• Create config.py for settings management