Spring Boot Patterns

Spring Boot 3.x best practices for enterprise Java APIs.
Architecture and clarity over framework tricks.

Selective Reading Rule

Read only files relevant to the request. Use the content map to focus.

Content Map

Core Patterns

1. Layered Architecture

Controller -> Service -> Repository

Keep controllers thin, services own business rules, repositories focus on data access.

2. REST Controller + DTOs

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/v1/users")
@RequiredArgsConstructor
@Validated
public class UserController {

    private final UserService userService;

    @GetMapping("/{id}")
    public UserResponse findById(@PathVariable String id) {
        return userService.findById(id)
            .map(UserResponse::from)
            .orElseThrow(() -> new ResourceNotFoundException("User", id));
    }

    @PostMapping
    @ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.CREATED)
    public UserResponse create(@Valid @RequestBody CreateUserRequest request) {
        return UserResponse.from(userService.create(request.toCommand()));
    }
}

public record CreateUserRequest(
    @NotBlank @Email String email,
    @NotBlank @Size(min = 2, max = 100) String name
) {
    public CreateUserCommand toCommand() {
        return new CreateUserCommand(email, name);
    }
}

3. Configuration Properties

@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "app")
@Validated
public record AppProperties(
    @NotBlank String name,
    @NotNull SecurityProperties security
) {
    public record SecurityProperties(
        @NotBlank String jwtSecret,
        @Positive int jwtExpirationMinutes
    ) {}
}

4. Error Handling

@RestControllerAdvice
public class GlobalExceptionHandler {

    @ExceptionHandler(ResourceNotFoundException.class)
    public ProblemDetail handleNotFound(ResourceNotFoundException ex) {
        return ProblemDetail.forStatusAndDetail(HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND, ex.getMessage());
    }
}

Decision Checklist

• Layered architecture respected?
• DTOs separated from entities?
• Validation at API boundary?
• Exceptions centralized?
• Config externalized?

Anti-Patterns

Related Skills