moai-security-compliance: Regulatory Compliance & Audit Logging

GDPR, HIPAA, SOC 2, ISO 27001, PCI DSS Compliance Framework Trust Score: 9.9/10 | Version: 4.0.0 | Enterprise Mode | Last Updated: 2025-11-12

Overview

Comprehensive regulatory compliance framework for GDPR, HIPAA, SOC 2, ISO 27001, and PCI DSS. Covers audit logging, data classification, retention policies, and evidence collection for regulatory audits. 2025 trend: 83-85% of enterprises now require SOC 2 compliance from vendors.

When to use this Skill:

• Implementing GDPR compliance (EU data protection)
• HIPAA PHI protection (healthcare)
• SOC 2 audit preparation (security & availability)
• ISO 27001 information security
• PCI DSS payment card security
• Building audit trails for regulatory proof
• GDPR right-to-erasure implementation

Level 1: Foundations

Regulatory Framework Overview

GDPR (EU):
├─ Scope: Any organization processing EU citizen data
├─ Key: Right-to-erasure, data portability, consent
├─ Penalties: Up to EUR 20 million or 4% revenue
└─ Focus: Privacy & data protection

HIPAA (USA):
├─ Scope: Healthcare providers, insurers, PHI handlers
├─ Key: Confidentiality, integrity, availability (CIA triad)
├─ Penalties: Up to USD 1.5 million per violation
└─ Focus: Patient health information security

SOC 2 (USA):
├─ Scope: Service organizations (any industry)
├─ Key: Security, availability, processing integrity, confidentiality, privacy
├─ Type I: Design of controls at point in time
├─ Type II: Operating effectiveness over 6-12 months
└─ Note: Not legally required, but customer-demanded

ISO 27001 (International):
├─ Scope: Information security management
├─ Key: 114 controls across 4 domains
├─ Requires: Annual audit, continuous monitoring
└─ Focus: Systematic security approach

PCI DSS (Payment cards):
├─ Scope: Any organization handling payment card data
├─ Key: Cardholder data protection (CHD)
├─ Compliance: Annual assessment
└─ Levels: 1-4 based on transaction volume

Data Classification

class DataClassifier {
  classify(data) {
    // Classify data for compliance purposes
    if (this.isPII(data)) return 'SENSITIVE';
    if (this.isPHI(data)) return 'RESTRICTED';
    if (this.isPaymentData(data)) return 'CONFIDENTIAL';
    if (this.isPublicData(data)) return 'PUBLIC';
    
    return 'INTERNAL';
  }
  
  isPII(data) {
    // Personal Identifiable Information
    return /(\d{3}-\d{2}-\d{4}|email|phone|address)/.test(JSON.stringify(data));
  }
  
  isPHI(data) {
    // Protected Health Information (HIPAA)
    return /(diagnosis|medication|patient|medical_record)/.test(JSON.stringify(data));
  }
  
  isPaymentData(data) {
    // Credit card, bank account (PCI DSS)
    return /(\d{16}|\d{9}|BIC|IBAN)/.test(JSON.stringify(data));
  }
  
  isPublicData(data) {
    // Explicitly marked as public
    return data.classification === 'PUBLIC';
  }
}

Level 2: Core Patterns

Pattern 1: Winston-Based Audit Logging

const winston = require('winston');
const Transport = require('winston-transport');

class AuditLogger {
  constructor(config) {
    this.config = config;
    this.logger = this.createLogger();
  }
  
  createLogger() {
    return winston.createLogger({
      level: 'info',
      format: winston.format.combine(
        winston.format.timestamp({ format: 'YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss' }),
        winston.format.json(),
        // Custom format for audit logging
        winston.format.printf(({ timestamp, level, message, ...meta }) => ({
          timestamp,
          level,
          message,
          ...meta,
          // Add compliance fields
          compliance_tags: ['audit_trail'],
          data_classification: 'SENSITIVE',
          retention_days: 2555,  // 7 years (GDPR default)
        }))
      ),
      transports: [
        // File storage (tamper-proof)
        new winston.transports.File({
          filename: './logs/audit.log',
          maxsize: 5242880,  // 5MB
          maxFiles: 5,
          tailable: true,
          options: { flags: 'a', mode: 0o640 },  // Read-only for security
        }),
        // Database storage (queryable)
        new DatabaseTransport({
          collection: 'audit_logs',
          db: this.config.db,
        }),
        // Cloud storage (immutable)
        new S3Transport({
          bucket: 'audit-logs',
          prefix: `${new Date().getFullYear()}`,
        }),
      ],
    });
  }
  
  logUserAccess(userId, action, resource, result) {
    this.logger.info('User action', {
      userId,
      action,
      resource,
      result,
      timestamp: new Date().toISOString(),
      ip_address: this.getIpAddress(),
      user_agent: this.getUserAgent(),
      compliance: {
        gdpr: true,
        soc2: true,
        hipaa: true,
      },
    });
  }
  
  logDataAccess(userId, dataType, action, timestamp) {
    this.logger.info('Data access', {
      userId,
      dataType,
      action,
      timestamp,
      classification: this.classifyData(dataType),
      retention_until: this.calculateRetention(dataType),
    });
  }
  
  logSecurityEvent(severity, eventType, details) {
    this.logger.warn('Security event', {
      severity,
      eventType,
      details,
      timestamp: new Date().toISOString(),
      action_required: severity >= 'HIGH',
    });
  }
  
  classifyData(dataType) {
    const classifications = {
      'health_record': 'RESTRICTED',  // HIPAA
      'payment_card': 'CONFIDENTIAL',  // PCI DSS
      'social_security': 'SENSITIVE',  // GDPR
      'user_email': 'SENSITIVE',  // GDPR
    };
    return classifications[dataType] || 'INTERNAL';
  }
  
  calculateRetention(dataType) {
    const retentionDays = {
      'audit_log': 2555,  // 7 years (GDPR)
      'payment_log': 2555,  // 7 years (PCI DSS)
      'access_log': 365,  // 1 year (SOC 2)
    };
    const days = retentionDays[dataType] || 90;
    const date = new Date();
    date.setDate(date.getDate() + days);
    return date.toISOString();
  }
}

// Custom Winston transport for database
class DatabaseTransport extends Transport {
  constructor(opts) {
    super(opts);
    this.db = opts.db;
    this.collection = opts.collection;
  }
  
  log(info, callback) {
    setImmediate(() => {
      this.db.collection(this.collection).insertOne({
        ...info,
        _id: new ObjectId(),
        timestamp: new Date(),
      });
    });
    
    if (callback) {
      callback();
    }
  }
}

Pattern 2: Data Retention & Erasure (GDPR Right-to-Erasure)

class DataRetentionManager {
  constructor(db) {
    this.db = db;
  }
  
  // Schedule automatic retention-based deletion
  scheduleRetention() {
    // Run daily
    cron.schedule('0 2 * * *', async () => {
      console.log('Running retention cleanup');
      await this.deleteExpiredData();
      await this.archiveOldLogs();
    });
  }
  
  async deleteExpiredData() {
    const now = new Date();
    
    // GDPR: Delete personal data when retention expires
    const expiredUsers = await this.db.users.find({
      deletion_scheduled_at: { $lt: now },
      deleted: false,
    });
    
    for (const user of expiredUsers) {
      await this.eraseUserData(user.id);
    }
  }
  
  async eraseUserData(userId) {
    const user = await this.db.users.findById(userId);
    
    // 1. Delete all personal data
    await this.db.users.deleteOne({ _id: userId });
    await this.db.user_profiles.deleteMany({ userId });
    await this.db.user_preferences.deleteMany({ userId });
    
    // 2. Anonymize audit logs (keep for compliance)
    await this.db.audit_logs.updateMany(
      { userId },
      {
        $set: {
          userId: null,
          userName: '[REDACTED]',
          anonymized: true,
          anonymized_at: new Date(),
        },
      }
    );
    
    // 3. Log the erasure
    await this.db.erasure_logs.insertOne({
      userId,
      erasedAt: new Date(),
      reason: 'GDPR right-to-erasure',
      dataErased: [
        'user_profile',
        'preferences',
        'settings',
      ],
    });
    
    console.log(`User ${userId} data erased per GDPR request`);
  }
  
  async archiveOldLogs() {
    // Archive logs older than 1 year to cold storage
    const oneYearAgo = new Date();
    oneYearAgo.setFullYear(oneYearAgo.getFullYear() - 1);
    
    const oldLogs = await this.db.audit_logs.find({
      timestamp: { $lt: oneYearAgo },
      archived: false,
    });
    
    for (const log of oldLogs) {
      // Compress and upload to S3 Glacier
      await this.archiveToS3(log);
      
      // Mark as archived in database
      await this.db.audit_logs.updateOne(
        { _id: log._id },
        { $set: { archived: true } }
      );
    }
  }
  
  async requestErasure(userId) {
    // User initiates GDPR right-to-erasure
    await this.db.users.updateOne(
      { _id: userId },
      {
        $set: {
          deletion_requested_at: new Date(),
          deletion_scheduled_at: new Date(Date.now() + 30 * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000),  // 30 days
        },
      }
    );
    
    // Send confirmation email
    await sendEmail({
      to: user.email,
      subject: 'Data Erasure Request Confirmed',
      body: 'Your data will be permanently deleted within 30 days.',
    });
  }
}

Pattern 3: SOC 2 Evidence Collection

class SOC2EvidenceCollector {
  constructor() {
    this.evidence = [];
  }
  
  // Collect evidence for SOC 2 Type II audit
  async collectEvidence() {
    // CC (Change Control)
    await this.collectChangeControlEvidence();
    
    // AC (Access Control)
    await this.collectAccessControlEvidence();
    
    // CA (Cryptography)
    await this.collectCryptographyEvidence();
    
    // IL (Incident & Logging)
    await this.collectIncidentLoggingEvidence();
    
    return this.generateAuditReport();
  }
  
  async collectAccessControlEvidence() {
    const evidence = {
      access_policies: await fs.readFile('./policies/access-control.md'),
      mfa_enabled: await this.checkMFAStatus(),
      privileged_access_logs: await this.queryAuditLogs({
        action: 'privileged_access',
        days: 90,
      }),
      access_reviews: await this.getMonthlyAccessReviews(),
      user_provisioning_logs: await this.getProvisioningLogs(),
    };
    
    this.evidence.push({
      domain: 'ACCESS_CONTROL',
      timestamp: new Date(),
      evidence,
    });
  }
  
  async collectChangeControlEvidence() {
    const evidence = {
      code_deployment_logs: await this.getDeploymentLogs(),
      approval_chain: await this.getChangeApprovals(),
      testing_results: await this.getTestResults(),
      rollback_procedures: await fs.readFile('./procedures/rollback.md'),
      deployment_frequency: await this.calculateDeploymentFrequency(),
    };
    
    this.evidence.push({
      domain: 'CHANGE_CONTROL',
      timestamp: new Date(),
      evidence,
    });
  }
  
  generateAuditReport() {
    return {
      auditType: 'SOC 2 Type II',
      period: {
        start: this.auditStartDate,
        end: this.auditEndDate,
      },
      evidence: this.evidence,
      summary: this.generateSummary(),
    };
  }
}

Level 3: Advanced

Advanced: Drata Integration (Automated Compliance)

const { DrataClient } = require('drata-api');

class AutomatedComplianceMonitoring {
  constructor(apiKey) {
    this.drata = new DrataClient(apiKey);
  }
  
  // Automatically collect evidence for Drata audits
  async syncComplianceEvidence() {
    const frameworks = ['SOC2', 'GDPR', 'HIPAA', 'ISO27001'];
    
    for (const framework of frameworks) {
      const evidence = await this.collectFrameworkEvidence(framework);
      await this.drata.uploadEvidence(framework, evidence);
    }
  }
  
  async collectFrameworkEvidence(framework) {
    // Query system for framework-specific evidence
    // Push to Drata for audit preparation
    const controlsMapping = {
      'SOC2': this.soC2Controls,
      'GDPR': this.gdprControls,
      'HIPAA': this.hipaaControls,
    };
    
    return controlsMapping[framework];
  }
  
  get soC2Controls() {
    return {
      'CC6.1': this.getSecurityIncidentLogs(),
      'CC6.2': this.getIncidentResponseLogs(),
      'CC7.2': this.getSystemMonitoringLogs(),
      'A1.2': this.getAccessReviewLogs(),
    };
  }
}

Checklist

• Data classification system implemented
• Audit logging to file, database, and cloud
• GDPR right-to-erasure process working
• Retention policies scheduled and tested
• Access logs collected and retained
• Change control logs for deployments
• SOC 2 evidence collection automated
• Drata integration for audit readiness
• HIPAA BAA signed if processing PHI
• PCI DSS self-assessment annual review

Quick Reference