Test Setup Skill

Guidance for writing effective tests, organizing test files, and establishing good testing practices.

When To Use

• Adding tests to new features
• Setting up test infrastructure
• Improving test coverage
• Learning testing patterns

Test Types

Unit Tests

What: Test individual functions/classes in isolation When: Pure logic, utilities, business rules Speed: Fast (milliseconds) Dependencies: Mock external dependencies

describe('calculateDiscount', () => {
  it('applies 10% discount for premium users', () => {
    const result = calculateDiscount(100, 'premium')
    expect(result).toBe(90)
  })

  it('returns original price for regular users', () => {
    const result = calculateDiscount(100, 'regular')
    expect(result).toBe(100)
  })
})

Integration Tests

What: Test multiple components working together When: API endpoints, database operations, service interactions Speed: Slower (seconds) Dependencies: Use real dependencies or test doubles

describe('POST /api/users', () => {
  it('creates user and returns 201', async () => {
    const response = await request(app)
      .post('/api/users')
      .send({ name: 'Test User', email: '[email protected]' })

    expect(response.status).toBe(201)
    expect(response.body.user).toMatchObject({
      name: 'Test User',
      email: '[email protected]'
    })
  })
})

End-to-End Tests

What: Test complete user workflows When: Critical user paths, full stack verification Speed: Slowest (seconds to minutes)

Test Organization

File Structure

your-project/
├── src/
│   ├── utils.js
│   └── api/users.js
├── tests/
│   ├── unit/
│   │   └── utils.test.js
│   ├── integration/
│   │   └── api/users.test.js
│   └── e2e/
│       └── checkout.spec.js

Test Structure (AAA Pattern)

test('descriptive test name', () => {
  // Arrange - Set up test data
  const user = { id: 1, name: 'Test' }

  // Act - Execute the code
  const result = service.formatUser(user)

  // Assert - Verify the results
  expect(result).toBe('User: Test')
})

Writing Good Tests

Good Test Names

// Bad
test('it works', ...)
test('test user', ...)

// Good
test('returns 404 when user not found', ...)
test('calculates total including tax', ...)

Test One Thing

Separate tests for each behavior, not one giant test.

Test Edge Cases

describe('divide', () => {
  it('divides two positive numbers', () => {
    expect(divide(10, 2)).toBe(5)
  })

  it('throws when dividing by zero', () => {
    expect(() => divide(10, 0)).toThrow('Division by zero')
  })
})

Mocking

When to Mock

Mock:

• API calls
• Database queries
• External services
• Time/dates

Don't mock:

• Code you're testing
• Simple utilities
• Your own business logic

Test Coverage

What to Aim For

• Critical paths: 100% coverage
• Business logic: 90%+ coverage
• Utilities: 80%+ coverage
• UI components: Behavior over coverage %

Coverage is not Quality

Good: High coverage with meaningful assertions Bad: High coverage with weak assertions

Checklist

When writing tests:

• Test name describes what's being tested
• Test is focused (tests one thing)
• Edge cases covered
• Assertions are meaningful
• External dependencies mocked
• Tests are independent (no shared state)
• Tests run fast

Remember

• Tests are documentation
• Good tests catch bugs before production
• Fast tests encourage running them often
• Flaky tests erode confidence
• Tests should be as simple as possible