Domain-Driven Design Skill

DDD manages complexity through alignment between software and business reality. Strategic design (boundaries, language, subdomains) provides more value than tactical patterns (aggregates, repositories).

When to Apply DDD

Apply DDD when:

• Domain has intricate business rules
• System is long-lived and high-value
• Domain experts are available
• Multiple teams/departments involved
• Software represents competitive advantage

DDD is overkill when:

• Simple CRUD applications
• Tight deadlines, limited budgets
• No domain experts available
• Complexity is purely technical, not business

Core Workflow

1. Domain Discovery → 2. Bounded Context Definition → 3. Context Mapping → 4. Architecture Selection → 5. Tactical Implementation

See [WORKFLOW.md](WORKFLOW.md) for detailed step-by-step instructions for each phase.

Quick Reference

Subdomain Types (Problem Space)

Key Decision: Entity vs Value Object

• Entity: Has identity, tracked through time, mutable → Customer, Order
• Value Object: Defined by attributes, immutable, interchangeable → Money, Address, Email

Default to value objects. Only use entities when identity matters.

Aggregate Design Rules (Vaughn Vernon)

1. Model true invariants in consistency boundaries
2. Design small aggregates (~70% should be root + value objects only)
3. Reference other aggregates by ID only
4. Use eventual consistency outside the boundary

Architecture Decision

Start with modular monolith when:
├── Team < 20 developers
├── Domain boundaries unclear
├── Time-to-market critical
└── Strong consistency required

Consider microservices when:
├── Bounded contexts have distinct languages
├── Teams can own full contexts
├── Independent scaling required
└── DevOps maturity exists

Detailed References

• Strategic Patterns: See [references/STRATEGIC-PATTERNS.md](references/STRATEGIC-PATTERNS.md) for subdomains, bounded contexts, context mapping, event storming
• Tactical Patterns: See [references/TACTICAL-PATTERNS.md](references/TACTICAL-PATTERNS.md) for entities, value objects, aggregates, services, repositories
• Architecture Alignment: See [references/ARCHITECTURE-ALIGNMENT.md](references/ARCHITECTURE-ALIGNMENT.md) for clean/hexagonal architecture, modular monolith, microservices
• Workflow: See [WORKFLOW.md](WORKFLOW.md) for detailed step-by-step DDD implementation process
• Anti-Patterns: See [references/ANTI-PATTERNS.md](references/ANTI-PATTERNS.md) for common pitfalls and how to avoid them
• Examples: See [EXAMPLES.md](EXAMPLES.md) for scenario walkthroughs applying DDD concepts
• Troubleshooting: See [TROUBLESHOOTING.md](TROUBLESHOOTING.md) for common issues and solutions

Critical Reminders

1. Ubiquitous language first - Code should read like business language
2. Strategic before tactical - Understand boundaries before implementing patterns
3. Apply tactical patterns selectively - Only in core domains where complexity warrants
4. One aggregate per transaction - Cross-aggregate consistency via domain events
5. Persistence ignorance - Domain layer has no infrastructure dependencies

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