ECharts

Use this skill to build, audit, or fix Apache ECharts charts without turning the task into an option-reference lookup. Match the project's existing setup first; only introduce wrappers or new dependencies when the project has none.

Decision Tree

User task -> Does the project already use ECharts?
    - Yes -> Find existing chart components/helpers, reuse their init, theme,
             and resize patterns. Match import style (full vs echarts/core).
    - No -> Pick integration by framework:
        - React -> echarts-for-react wrapper, or a small hook around
                   init/dispose if the project avoids extra deps
        - Vue 3 -> vue-echarts wrapper, or composable around init/dispose
        - Vanilla / other -> echarts.init on a sized container

Next -> Bundle size a concern (app ships to users)?
    - Yes -> Import from 'echarts/core' and register only the used charts,
             components, and renderer (tree-shaking)
    - No / internal tool / prototype -> import * as echarts from 'echarts'

Then -> Build the smallest working option, render it, then layer on
        interactivity (tooltip, dataZoom, toolbox) and theming.

Core Workflow

1. Inspect first: find existing ECharts usage, themes, and shared option helpers before writing a new chart.
2. Size the container: the container element must have non-zero width and height before echarts.init runs; a chart in a display:none or unmounted tab renders blank.
3. Own the lifecycle: one init per container, resize() on container size change, dispose() on unmount. Wrappers handle this; hand-rolled code must.
4. Update via setOption: default merge mode for incremental updates (streaming, new data); notMerge: true when the chart type or structure changes.
5. Verify visually: render the chart and check axes, labels, and tooltip against real data before polishing.

Setup

npm install echarts                      # core library (always)
npm install echarts-for-react            # React wrapper (optional)
npm install vue-echarts                  # Vue 3 wrapper (optional)

Tree-shakeable imports for production bundles:

import * as echarts from 'echarts/core';
import { LineChart, BarChart } from 'echarts/charts';
import { GridComponent, TooltipComponent, DataZoomComponent } from 'echarts/components';
import { CanvasRenderer } from 'echarts/renderers';

echarts.use([LineChart, BarChart, GridComponent, TooltipComponent, DataZoomComponent, CanvasRenderer]);

A missing registration fails at runtime with a console error naming the missing chart/component; register it, do not switch to full import to silence the error. It is a console.error, not a thrown exception, so unit tests pass silently over it; catch it by asserting on the console or the rendered output.

With multiple chart components in one codebase, prefer a shared registration module (one echarts.use([...]) call imported everywhere) over per-component use lists; per-component lists drift out of sync and hide missing registrations until a component renders alone. Deliberate feature-specific registration in code-split routes is a valid exception for lazy-loaded dashboards.

Type imports: import type { ... } from 'echarts' is erased at compile time and does not affect the bundle; only value imports from the root package pull everything in. Some types (XAXisComponentOption, DefaultLabelFormatterCallbackParams) are exported only from the root, so mixing import type from 'echarts' with values from 'echarts/core' is normal; prefer ComposeOption from 'echarts/core' for option types:

import type { ComposeOption } from 'echarts/core';
import type { LineSeriesOption } from 'echarts/charts';
import type { GridComponentOption, TooltipComponentOption } from 'echarts/components';

type ChartOption = ComposeOption<LineSeriesOption | GridComponentOption | TooltipComponentOption>;

Lifecycle Rules

• Vanilla: keep the chart instance; call chart.resize() from a ResizeObserver on the container; call chart.dispose() before removing the container.
• React (echarts-for-react): pass option as a prop; use notMerge prop when replacing structure; get the instance via ref.getEchartsInstance() only for imperative needs (streaming setOption, dispatchAction).
• React (hand-rolled hook): init in an effect, dispose in its cleanup; keep option updates in a separate effect so the chart is not re-created on every render.
• Vue (vue-echarts): use :option binding with autoresize; access the instance via template ref for dispatchAction. Pass :update-options="{ notMerge: true }" for structural option changes (chart type, series count, removing axes/series); merge mode keeps stale series. Switch themes via the theme prop or THEME_KEY injection, not update-options (on older ECharts/vue-echarts versions, remount/re-init instead). Use the group prop to link charts (equivalent to echarts.connect).
• Never call echarts.init twice on the same DOM node; reuse the instance or dispose first (echarts.getInstanceByDom to check).

Data and Options

• Prefer the dataset component (source + encode) when multiple series or charts share one table of data; use per-series data for simple single-series charts.
• Time series: use xAxis: { type: 'time' } with [timestamp, value] pairs instead of pre-formatting date strings into a category axis.
• Large categorical axes: set axisLabel.interval/rotate deliberately instead of accepting overlap.
• Tooltips: trigger: 'axis' for line/bar time series, trigger: 'item' for pie/scatter/map.
• Use valueFormatter or tooltip.formatter for units; keep number formatting in one shared helper when the dashboard has many charts.
• HTML tooltip formatter output is injected as HTML: escape untrusted data (series names, user-generated labels) with a shared escape helper, or use tooltip.renderMode: 'richText' to opt out of HTML entirely.

Performance

• Choose Canvas, SVG, or WebGL from measured workload rather than a fixed point threshold. Measure the dataset, device/browser, interaction latency, and SVG output size; see [the audit reference](references/audit.md#6-cardinality-and-measurement) when reviewing an existing chart.
• For large line/scatter series: enable large: true and sampling: 'lttb' on the series; turn off animation for initial render of big datasets.
• Millions of points: use echarts-gl (WebGL), a separate dependency; add it only when actually needed.
• Streaming: call setOption({ series: [{ data }] }) on the existing instance (merge mode); do not re-init or pass notMerge per tick.
• Many charts on one page: share a single ResizeObserver/resize handler and use echarts.connect for linked tooltips/dataZoom instead of duplicating handlers. connect is also a UX feature for dashboards: chart.group = 'name'; echarts.connect('name') (or the vue-echarts group prop) syncs tooltips and dataZoom across related charts. Only link charts with compatible axis semantics (same x-axis type and domain); a chart with a different axis belongs in its own group or unlinked.

Theming

• Register a theme once (echarts.registerTheme('name', themeObject)) and pass the name to every init; do not copy color arrays into each chart's option.
• Dark mode: prefer init(el, null, ...) plus a registered dark theme, or darkMode: true in the option. Switch themes at runtime with chart.setTheme(...) (ECharts 6) or the vue-echarts theme prop; on ECharts 5 themes are fixed at init time; re-init (dispose + init) there.
• Keep chart-independent styling (font family, palette) in the theme; keep data-dependent styling (visualMap ranges, markLines) in the option.

SSR and Export

• Server-side rendering (reports, emails, OG images): echarts.init(null, null, { renderer: 'svg', ssr: true, width, height }) then renderToSVGString() - Node only, no DOM needed.
• If option builders are shared between the browser and a Node SVG renderer, keep both echarts.use([...]) registration points covering the same set; a narrower server-side list silently renders without the missing components.
• Client image export: enable toolbox.feature.saveAsImage, or call chart.getDataURL({ pixelRatio: 2 }) programmatically.

ECharts 6 Migration Notes

• grid.containLabel is deprecated. The semantics-preserving migration is containLabel: true → { outerBoundsMode: 'same', outerBoundsContain: 'axisLabel' }; set grid.outerBounds only when you need a custom constraint rect (it is a separate part of the new layout API). The legacy behavior still works only if LegacyGridContainLabel (from 'echarts/features') is registered; treat remaining containLabel: true usages as tech debt when auditing.
• The default theme changed in v6 (palette and component layout). To keep the v5 look during migration: import 'echarts/theme/v5' and pass 'v5' as the theme to init.
• Axis label overflow prevention and axis-name overlap prevention are on by default in v6, which can shift layouts slightly; disable with grid.outerBoundsMode: 'none' and xAxis/yAxis.nameMoveOverlap: false when pixel-parity with v5 matters.
• Check the installed major version (node_modules/echarts/package.json) before recommending options; deprecations surface as console warnings, not errors.

Auditing Existing Usage

For a code-and-browser audit, read [references/audit.md](references/audit.md) before writing findings. It is the required full checklist for dashboard growth, tree-shaken registrations, interactive state, HTML tooltip trust, large-data cardinality, zero-size failures, and browser evidence.

Quick triage still starts with the shared registration module, lifecycle ownership, structural setOption updates, root value imports, and ECharts-version migration debt. Treat repeated formatter/options as extraction debt; centralized design tokens passed directly to options are a valid alternative to registerTheme when that is the project's deliberate convention.

Common Failure Modes

• Blank chart, no error: container had zero size at init (hidden tab, flex parent without height, init before mount). Fix sizing/timing, then call resize().
• Chart does not update: a new option object with merge mode silently keeps stale series/axes; use notMerge: true when removing series or changing chart type.
• Legend/dataZoom selection lost after update: notMerge: true can reset interactive state, depending on the wrapper, versions, and update path. Capture the state you need to survive (chart.getOption().legend[0].selected, the dataZoom range) and pass it back, or give it an explicit app-side owner. Do not report a reset from static inspection alone; prove it on the installed ECharts/wrapper versions. The ECharts instance is a valid owner for session-only state when browser evidence shows it survives and the product does not require it to survive a remount or navigation.
• notMerge: true everywhere: forfeits ECharts' diff optimization and risks resetting legend/dataZoom selection on structural updates. Reserve it for structural changes (chart type, series count, removed axes/series); keep merge mode for data-only updates.
• "Component xxx not exists" / missing chart: tree-shaken build without the registration; add it to echarts.use([...]).
• Memory growth in SPA: instances not disposed on route change; verify dispose() runs in unmount cleanup.
• Chart wrong size after sidebar/panel toggle: window resize event never fired; observe the container (ResizeObserver / autoresize), not the window.
• Tooltip clipped: set tooltip.confine: true or appendToBody-style tooltip.appendTo when the chart sits in an overflow-hidden container.
• Sluggish with big data: animation on + no sampling; set animation: false, sampling: 'lttb', large: true before reaching for WebGL.

Reference Examples

• examples/vanilla_line.html - Vanilla JS time-series line chart with resize handling
• examples/react_chart.tsx - React component with tree-shaken imports and echarts-for-react
• examples/vue_chart.vue - Vue 3 component using vue-echarts with autoresize