MAE

MAE (Masked Autoencoder) for self-supervised pretraining and fine-tuning. Masks random patches and reconstructs them to learn visual representations. Supports pretrain and finetune stages.

Set train.pretrainedmodelpath for pretrained MAE weights when fine-tuning.

For TAO Deploy TensorRT actions (gentrtengine), read references/tao-deploy-mask-auto-encoder.md first. Deploy spec templates live in this skill's references/ folder with the spectemplatedeploy_*.yaml prefix.

The parent PyTorch mae CLI supports train, evaluate, inference, and export. Build TensorRT engines through the deploy workflow, not the model skill.

Dataclass Schemas

Generated TAO Core schemas are packaged in schemas/<action>.schema.json, with schemas/manifest.json listing available actions. Each generated schema also emits references/spectemplate<action>.yaml from the schema top-level default field. AutoML enablement is declared at the model layer in references/skillinfo.yaml via automlenabled. Runnable AutoML still requires schemas/train.schema.json and references/spectemplatetrain.yaml to exist and parse. Use the packaged train schema for automldefaultparameters, automldisabledparameters, defaults, min/max bounds, enums, option weights, math conditions, dependencies, and popular parameters. Do not expect ~/tao-core at runtime; maintainers regenerate schemas/templates before packaging the skill bank.

Train Action Policy

This model is AutoML-enabled at the model layer. Before handling any train-stage request, read references/skillinfo.yaml and resolve the run override from either an explicit automlpolicy value or the user's workflow request. Use automlpolicy: on by default and only expose on / off in new launch prompts. Treat phrases like "turn off AutoML", "disable AutoML", "no HPO", or "plain training" as automlpolicy: off for this run only. When automlpolicy: on, automlenabled: true, and both schemas/train.schema.json and references/spectemplatetrain.yaml are packaged, route the train action through tao-skill-bank:tao-run-automl by default with this model's skilldir. Preserve workflow/application overrides for datasets, specs, output directories, GPU/platform settings, parent checkpoints, and automlpolicy. Use direct model training only when automl_policy: off or the packaged train schema/template is missing; in the missing-schema case, report that AutoML is enabled but not runnable for this model until schemas are generated.

Non-train actions such as evaluate, inference, export, and deploy flows stay in this model skill. The per-run automl_policy override does not change model metadata.

Training Requirements

• Dataset type: image_classification
• Formats: ssl
• Accepted dataset intents: training, evaluation, testing
• Monitoring metric: train_loss

Per-Action Dataset Requirements

For SDK/app job inputs, the images*.tar.gz archives are uploaded as the action inputs. For direct local Docker runs against host-mounted data, extract the archives first and point dataset.traindatasources, dataset.valdatasources, and dataset.testdatasources at the extracted imagestrain, imagesval, and imagestest folders. Passing a local tar path directly to the MAE CLI can produce a zero-sample dataloader because the local dataloader does not unpack that archive path.

Typical Spec Overrides

Data source overrides are mandatory for every action — the agent MUST construct data source paths from the Per-Action Dataset Requirements table above and include them in spec_overrides.

S3_TRAIN = "s3://bucket/data/train"
S3_EVAL = "s3://bucket/data/eval"

train (mandatory data sources):

{
    "dataset.train_data_sources": f"{S3_TRAIN}/images_train.tar.gz",
    "dataset.val_data_sources": f"{S3_EVAL}/images_val.tar.gz",
    "train.num_epochs": 10,
    "train.optim.lr": 2e-4,
}

evaluate (mandatory data sources):

{
    "dataset.val_data_sources": f"{S3_EVAL}/images_val.tar.gz",
    "evaluate.checkpoint": "<selected train/AutoML checkpoint>",
    "train.stage": "finetune",
}

inference (mandatory data sources):

{
    "dataset.test_data_sources": f"{S3_EVAL}/images_test.tar.gz",
    "inference.checkpoint": "<selected train/AutoML checkpoint>",
    "train.stage": "finetune",
}

Eval Dataset

Optional. Pretraining does not need eval data. Fine-tuning optionally uses val set.

Important Parameters

• train.stage: Training stage. Options: pretrain, finetune. Pretrain learns representations via masking. Finetune adds a classification head.
• model.arch: Architecture. Default convnextv2_base. For local smoke

AutoML, use convnextv2atto rather than unsupported names such as vittinypatch16. Supported families include vitbase_patch16 and larger ViTs, ConvNeXtV2 atto/femto/pico/nano/tiny/base/large/huge, and Hiera tiny/small/base/large/huge.

• model.num_classes: Number of classes for fine-tuning. Default 1000 (ImageNet). Only relevant in finetune stage.
• model.mask_ratio: Fraction of patches to mask during pretraining. Typically 0.75.
• model.normpixloss: Whether to normalize pixel values in reconstruction loss.
• dataset.augmentation.input_size: Keep the local smoke profile at 224

for ConvNeXtV2 MAE. Reducing to 112 can make the MAE mask grid incompatible with feature-map dimensions.

• MAE does not expose a dataset.workers spec field. Do not add it to

smoke-test overrides; Hydra rejects unknown dataset keys before training.

• train.optim.lr: Learning rate. Default 2e-4.
• dataset.augmentation: Augmentation settings including mixup, cutmix for fine-tuning.

Multi-GPU / Multi-Node

Launch method: Lightning-managed (single python process, Lightning spawns workers).

• ddp uses findunusedparameters=True
• fsdp forces FP16
• Multi-GPU strongly recommended for pretraining (large batch sizes needed)

Multi-node env vars (set by orchestrator): WORLDSIZE, NODERANK, MASTERADDR, MASTERPORT, NUMGPUPER_NODE.

Hardware

Minimum 2 GPU(s), recommended 8 GPU(s). 24GB+ (A100 recommended) VRAM per GPU. MAE pretraining benefits from large batch sizes across many GPUs. Fine-tuning is more modest in resource requirements.

Error Patterns

Stage mismatch: Ensure train.stage matches your intent (pretrain vs finetune). Fine-tuning without a pretrainedmodelpath trains from scratch.

Inference with pretrain checkpoints: The MAE predict dataloader raises NotImplementedError for train.stage: pretrain. Use a finetune checkpoint for inference and classification-style evaluation, or restrict a pretrain-only run to train/evaluate/export.

numclasses mismatch (finetune only): Ensure model.numclasses matches your dataset class count when fine-tuning.

Spec Param / Parent Model Inference

Model-specific inference mappings belong in this MD file, not in config.json. Generated runners should read this section and apply the mappings with SDK helpers before createjob(). This mirrors the old microservices inferparams.py flow.

Inference mappings from TAO Core mae.config.json:

For parentmodel or parentmodelfolder, pass the upstream train/export/AutoML child job id as parentjob_id. The SDK lists the parent result folder, filters checkpoint artifacts, and returns the selected model file or folder. Do not add these mappings back to config.json and do not patch generated runner scripts to guess checkpoint paths.

When resolving checkpoints outside the SDK resolver, select the intended epoch/step artifact exactly, for example modelepoch000step00099.pth. Use the convnextv2attolatest.pth or other latest symlink only when latest is explicitly requested. Carry train.stage, model.arch, model.num_classes, and export input size forward into evaluate, inference, export, and deploy specs so the checkpoint and ONNX/engine shapes match.

Deployment

• [tao-deploy-mask-auto-encoder](references/tao-deploy-mask-auto-encoder.md)