bibcite

Route every .bib change through bibcite because the CLI resolves metadata, canonicalizes venues, deduplicates entries, preserves existing citation keys, and formats the file. Never add, replace, or delete a .bib entry by editing the file directly.

If bibcite is not on PATH, install it with uv tool install bibcite-cli, then use the commands below.

Choose the command

bibcite add refs.bib <arXiv ID | arXiv URL | arXiv DOI | DOI | title>
bibcite add refs.bib --bibtex '<complete BibTeX entry>'
bibcite add refs.bib --from queries.txt
bibcite add refs.bib <query> --replace
bibcite add refs.bib <query> --key existingKey
bibcite remove refs.bib <key>
bibcite get <query> [--json]
bibcite upgrade refs.bib [--dry-run]
bibcite check refs.bib
bibcite tidy refs.bib
bibcite fix refs.bib

Use get only to preview a paper without changing a bibliography. Use add for one paper, and pass an arXiv ID, an arXiv DOI such as 10.48550/arXiv.1706.03762, a standard DOI, or an exact title. Use --from for multiple papers because one process shares source throttling state and tidies the file once. Use --replace only when the resolved paper should overwrite an automatically matched entry. Use --key when title drift prevents automatic matching and a specific existing citation key must be replaced. Use upgrade --dry-run before upgrading a large bibliography. Use fix when the user asks to clean up a bibliography end to end.

Use the returned citation key

File-changing commands print a JSON result on standard output and diagnostics on standard error. Read the key from JSON after add and use that exact value in \cite{...} instead of guessing or reconstructing it. After a write, confirm that tidied is true before reporting that formatting completed. An exists result may have tidied set to false because the file was unchanged, so add skipped the formatting pass. For any other tidied: false result, expect exit code 1 and retry once with bibcite tidy <file>. bibcite downloads bibtex-tidy through npx, so do not install it separately. If Node.js or npx is missing, ask before installing it and never format the file by hand.

Treat these action values as successful outcomes:

• added means a new entry was written.
• exists means the paper was already present and no duplicate was added.
• upgraded means a preprint was replaced by its published record while keeping the existing key.
• replaced means an explicitly targeted entry was overwritten while keeping its existing key.

For batch commands, inspect every item in results because one failed query does not invalidate successful entries.

Handle publication uncertainty

An unmatched upgrade reports either nopublishedversion or sourcesunavailable. Treat nopublishedversion as a trustworthy miss. Treat sourcesunavailable as temporary because rate limits or outages prevented a complete check, so retry later without writing a replacement by hand.

A preprint result may include published_check. Treat complete as a trustworthy publication check and incomplete as a reason to retry later.

An entry that is intentionally preprint-only can use pubstate = {preprint} to mute future check and upgrade warnings. Submit the complete updated entry through --bibtex and target its existing key rather than editing the file directly.

Handle exit codes

• Exit code 0 means the command completed successfully.
• Exit code 1 means a file, lint, or formatting problem remains.

Inspect problems, remaining_problems, and tidied before deciding what to do next.

• Exit code 2 means the paper or requested entry was not found.

Ask for a stronger identifier, preferably an arXiv ID or DOI, instead of fabricating an entry.

• Exit code 3 means publication sources or an internal tool failed.

Retry later and never fall back to hand-editing the bibliography.

check is read-only, but it returns exit code 1 when it finds problems. fix also returns exit code 1 when unresolved lint issues remain or formatting fails.