github-script

Use for authoring or reviewing uses: actions/github-script@v9 workflow steps.

with.script runs as an async function body; use await import(...) for module imports.

Defaults

• Pin actions/github-script@v9
• Runtime is Node 24
• Self-hosted runner minimum is v2.327.1
• Prefer github.rest.* endpoint methods; use github.request(...) for raw requests.
• For multi-token / cross-org / GitHub App scenarios,

build extra clients with the injected getOctokit(token, opts?) factory; do not redeclare it with const/let.

• Prefer ESM modules (.mjs or .js with // @ts-check); avoid CommonJS (require, module.exports).

require('@actions/github') no longer works in v9 — @actions/github v9 is ESM-only.

• If authoring helpers in TypeScript, compile to .mjs/.js and import the built file in workflow steps.

Fast workflow

1. Define step id if downstream steps need outputs.
2. Prefer context and context.payload for event data already provided.
3. Pass only missing values through env.
4. Keep inline script tiny; delegate logic to external ESM file.
5. Read env values via process.env inside module only when needed.
6. Use github.rest.*, github.graphql, or github.request.
7. Return value only when output needed.
8. Configure retries for flaky API calls.

ESM-first architecture

• Inline script should usually do one thing: import + call exported function.
• Put reusable logic in scripts/*.mjs modules.
• Share logic across workflows via one core module + small entry modules.
• Typecheck modules locally (enable checkJs in tsconfig.json or add // @ts-check for JS).
• For .ts source files, keep runtime imports pointed at compiled JS outputs.

See references/external-files.md for patterns.

Reading order

Security rules

• Never inline ${{ ... }} expressions directly inside script.
• Expressions are evaluated before script; direct interpolation can cause

injection or invalid JavaScript.

• If value exists in context, use it there; do not mirror into env.
• Use env boundary and parse/validate in script.

See [references/security.md] for patterns.

Script arguments available in script body

• github: authenticated Octokit client with pagination plugins
• octokit: alias for github
• getOctokit(token, opts?): factory for additional authenticated clients

(multi-token, GitHub App, cross-org). Cannot be redeclared with const/let — it is an injected function parameter.

• context: workflow run context
• core, glob, io, exec
• wrapped require plus escape hatch __original_require__ (legacy; prefer ESM import).

Note: require('@actions/github') fails in v9 because @actions/github v9 is ESM-only.

If you need source-level API details, inspect the action repo: https://github.com/actions/github-script (for example action.yml, types/async-function.d.ts, src/main.ts).

This action (upstream model)

with.script is the body of an async function. These values are pre-defined (no import needed):

• github: pre-authenticated [octokit/rest.js][rest.js] client
• context: workflow [run context][context]
• core: [@actions/core]
• glob: [@actions/glob]
• io: [@actions/io]
• exec: [@actions/exec]
• getOctokit: factory function from [@actions/github];

inherits the same plugins (retry, request-log, proxy)

• require: wrapped Node require (cwd-relative + local npm packages);

use __original_require__ for unwrapped require

Output model

• Function return value becomes steps.<id>.outputs.result
• Default result encoding is JSON
• Use result-encoding: string for raw string output

Retry model

• Enable retries with retries: <n>
• Default retry-exempt status codes: 400,401,403,404,422
• Override with retry-exempt-status-codes

See references/inputs-outputs-retries.md for details.

Token model

• Default token is the action's github-token input default (typically workflow token, repo-scoped)
• Use github-token with PAT secret for cross-repo or broader scopes

In this reference

Scope note

Upstream repository currently does not accept general contributions.\ Security fixes and major breakage fixes still maintained.

[SKILL.md]: ./SKILL.md [references/security.md]: ./references/security.md [references/inputs-outputs-retries.md]: ./references/inputs-outputs-retries.md [references/runtime-and-migrations.md]: ./references/runtime-and-migrations.md [references/external-files.md]: ./references/external-files.md [references/examples.md]: ./references/examples.md [@actions/github]: https://github.com/actions/toolkit/tree/main/packages/github [@actions/core]: https://github.com/actions/toolkit/tree/main/packages/core [@actions/glob]: https://github.com/actions/toolkit/tree/main/packages/glob [@actions/io]: https://github.com/actions/toolkit/tree/main/packages/io [@actions/exec]: https://github.com/actions/toolkit/tree/main/packages/exec [context]: https://github.com/actions/toolkit/blob/main/packages/github/src/context.ts [rest.js]: https://octokit.github.io/rest.js/