Input-Validation & Trust-Boundary Audit + Hardening Plan

Degree of freedom: HIGH — map trust boundaries, score gaps, emit a plan. Stay plan-only. No Zod, sanitizers, or webhook edits until approved.

This skill vs neighbors

Role: Senior application security engineer (trust-boundary lens).

Task: Map every point untrusted data enters, score validate/sanitize/authenticate gaps, phase remediations, emit plan-input-validation.md. Audit & plan only — no code changes until each phase is approved.

Walk every boundary. Find what's trusted that shouldn't be. Change nothing until approved.

How to reason (every plan item)

1. Propose — schema, sanitize, signature verify, or allowlist
2. Risk — forgeable money/data, stored XSS, or injection
3. Keep-working — boundaries that already validate + authenticate
4. Phase — Forgeable paths → XSS → Schema pass → Uploads (do not execute)

Worked example

Propose: verify the Stripe webhook with constructEvent on the raw body; reject empty secrets; return 400 on bad signatures.
Risk: empty-signing-secret bypass — anyone can forge invoice.paid and credit quota.
Keep-working: checkout session creation already uses the server-side secret.
Phase: Phase 1 — Forgeable money/data paths.
Note: origin proof ≠ safe to interpolate into SQL/HTML.

AI agents write code that works on the inputs you showed them. Two signature patterns recur: dangerouslySetInnerHTML without DOMPurify (XSS), and webhook handlers without real signature verification — the reported empty-signing-secret bypass class, where an empty secret lets any attacker forge valid signatures and credit unlimited quota without payment.

This skill is the audit-and-plan half. Execution goes to backend-patterns / backend-error-handling / audit-security after you approve each phase.

When this fires

Trigger phrases: "validate my inputs", "is this injection-safe", "check my forms / API", "XSS", "dangerouslySetInnerHTML", "my Stripe webhook", "can requests be forged", "sanitize user content", "pre-launch input hardening".

Do not fire for: row-level access (plan-rls-audit), credential exposure (plan-secrets-audit), or broad architecture review (plan-security-audit). This skill owns the boundary where untrusted data enters.

The four boundary classes [HIGH freedom]

1 · Form & API input

• No schema validation — bodies/params/query without Zod (or equivalent).
• Type-coerced trust — Number(req.body.amount) with no bounds.
• Missing field-level checks — email format, length caps, enum membership.
• Mass assignment — spreading req.body into DB insert/update (role,

is_admin, credits).

• SQL/RPC injection — string-interpolated queries or raw user input into SQL.

2 · Rendered untrusted content (XSS)

• dangerouslySetInnerHTML / v-html / innerHTML without DOMPurify.
• URL/attribute injection — javascript: URIs, unvalidated redirects.
• Stored XSS — content saved now, rendered raw later.

3 · Webhooks & forged requests (Stripe-aware)

• Signature not verified — or verified against empty secret

(empty-secret bypass class).

• Raw-body mistake — JSON.stringify(req.body) instead of raw bytes.
• No idempotency — Stripe at-least-once retries double-process.
• Cross-gateway trust — fulfilling without checking callback source.
• Missing timestamp tolerance — replay window open.
• Returns 500 not 400 on bad signature → infinite Stripe retries.

4 · File uploads & other boundaries

• No type/size/MIME validation; trusting client content-type.
• Path traversal in filenames; SSRF in user-supplied URLs.
• Concurrency — read-modify-write races without DB constraints.

Procedure [HIGH freedom — plan only]

1. Map boundaries. Enumerate every untrusted entry point. Skip absent ones.
2. Test each. For every boundary: validated? sanitized? authenticated?
3. Score. Severity = reachability × impact.
4. Phase into shippable groups mapped to execution skills.
5. Emit plan-input-validation.md. End the turn. Do not edit code.

Guardrails

• Plan only. No Zod schemas, sanitizers, or webhook config changes.
• Validate at the boundary, not after.
• Signature ≠ safety. Origin proof ≠ safe to interpolate into SQL/HTML.
• Don't trust the client copy. Browser-only checks are UX, not security.
• Stack-specific raw-body note. Call out Next.js + Stripe raw-body requirement.
• Minimal quoting of source.

Self-critique before the burndown [LOW freedom — do not skip]

1. evidenced-not-assumed — every boundary cites path:line; skip classes that do not exist
2. plan-only — no Zod schemas, DOMPurify, or webhook config
3. severity/phase justified — unauthenticated write / forgeable money is Critical
4. right-owner — RLS row access → plan-rls-audit; leaked keys → plan-secrets-audit; OWASP umbrella → plan-security-audit
5. no-false-safety — browser-only checks are UX; signature ≠ sanitization; empty webhook secret is a bypass

Report template — plan-input-validation.md

# Input-Validation & Trust-Boundary Audit — <repo>

_Audit-only. Nothing changes until each phase is approved._

## Scope
- Boundaries found: forms / API / webhooks / uploads / rendered content
- Stack: Supabase ☐  Stripe ☐  Next.js ☐  | Assumptions: …

## Verdict
| Boundary class | Findings | Critical | Unauthenticated write reachable? |
|----------------|----------|----------|----------------------------------|
| Form & API     | n | n | … |
| Rendered (XSS) | n | n | … |
| Webhooks       | n | n | … |
| Uploads/other  | n | n | … |

## Findings
| # | Boundary | path:line | Missing: validate/sanitize/authenticate | Sev | Direction |
|---|----------|-----------|-----------------------------------------|-----|-----------|
| I1 | Stripe webhook | api/webhooks/stripe.ts:12 | authenticate (no constructEvent) | Crit | verify raw body against secret; 400 on fail |
| I2 | comment render | Comment.tsx:30 | sanitize (dangerouslySetInnerHTML) | High | DOMPurify before render |
| I3 | profile update | actions/profile.ts:8 | validate (mass assignment) | High | Zod allowlist; drop role/credits |

## Phased burndown
- **Phase 1 — Forgeable money/data paths** → `backend-patterns` — webhooks, mass-assign
- **Phase 2 — XSS / rendered content** → `backend-error-handling` / `enhance-web-ux` — I2…
- **Phase 3 — Schema validation pass** → `backend-patterns` — Zod at every boundary
- **Phase 4 — Uploads & concurrency** → `audit-security` — files, races

## Execution handoff
Approve a phase to run it. Re-run after; for webhooks, verify with Stripe CLI
fixtures (real signed events) not mocked payloads.

Chains with

• Security spine — entry layer (this skill); data access: plan-rls-audit;

credentials: plan-secrets-audit.

• Execution: backend-patterns, backend-error-handling, audit-security,

audit-fe-api.

• Verify: test-red-team + Stripe CLI signed webhook fixtures.

Plan with a strong model; execute with composer-2.5-execution.mdc riding
along. The plan says which boundaries are open; the rule constrains how
they're closed.