Element Plus Theming

This skill provides comprehensive guidance for customizing Element Plus themes using SCSS variables and CSS variables.

When to Invoke

Invoke this skill when:

• User wants to change the primary theme color
• User needs to customize component styles
• User asks about SCSS variable override
• User wants to use CSS variables for theming
• User needs to create a custom theme

Theming Methods

Element Plus provides two main methods for theme customization:

1. SCSS Variables Override

Best for large-scale theme changes and build-time customization.

Available Variables

Find all SCSS variables in:

• packages/theme-chalk/src/common/var.scss

Key variable categories:

• $colors: Color palette (primary, success, warning, danger, info)
• $font-size: Font sizes
• $border-radius: Border radius values
• $box-shadow: Box shadow styles
• Component-specific variables (e.g., $button, $input, $table)

Override SCSS Variables

Create a custom SCSS file (e.g., styles/element/index.scss):

/* Override what you need */
@forward 'element-plus/theme-chalk/src/common/var.scss' with (
  $colors: (
    'primary': (
      'base': green,
    ),
  )
);

/* Import all styles if needed */
/* @use "element-plus/theme-chalk/src/index.scss" as *; */

Important: Use @use instead of @import (Sass team will remove @import eventually).

Import Custom Theme

import { createApp } from 'vue'
import './styles/element/index.scss'
import ElementPlus from 'element-plus'
import App from './App.vue'

const app = createApp(App)
app.use(ElementPlus)

Vite Configuration for On-Demand Import

import path from 'path'
import { defineConfig } from 'vite'
import vue from '@vitejs/plugin-vue'
import ElementPlus from 'unplugin-element-plus/vite'

export default defineConfig({
  resolve: {
    alias: {
      '~/': `${path.resolve(__dirname, 'src')}/`,
    },
  },
  css: {
    preprocessorOptions: {
      scss: {
        additionalData: `@use "~/styles/element/index.scss" as *;`,
      },
    },
  },
  plugins: [
    vue(),
    ElementPlus({
      useSource: true,
    }),
  ],
})

Webpack Configuration

import ElementPlus from 'unplugin-element-plus/webpack'

export default defineConfig({
  css: {
    loaderOptions: {
      scss: {
        additionalData: `@use "~/styles/element/index.scss" as *;`,
      },
    },
  },
  plugins: [
    ElementPlus({
      useSource: true,
    }),
  ],
})

2. CSS Variables Override

Best for runtime theme switching and dynamic customization.

Global CSS Variables

Override variables in :root or a custom class:

:root {
  --el-color-primary: green;
  --el-color-primary-light-3: #79bbff;
  --el-color-primary-light-5: #a0cfff;
  --el-color-primary-light-7: #c6e2ff;
  --el-color-primary-light-8: #d9ecff;
  --el-color-primary-light-9: #ecf5ff;
  --el-color-primary-dark-2: #337ecc;
}

Component-Specific Variables

Customize individual components:

<el-tag style="--el-tag-bg-color: red">Tag</el-tag>

Or use a class for better performance:

.custom-tag {
  --el-tag-bg-color: red;
}

<el-tag class="custom-tag">Tag</el-tag>

Dynamic CSS Variable Control

// Get the element
const el = document.documentElement
// Or use a specific element
// const el = document.getElementById('xxx')

// Get CSS variable
const primaryColor = getComputedStyle(el).getPropertyValue('--el-color-primary')

// Set CSS variable
el.style.setProperty('--el-color-primary', 'red')

Using VueUse

For a more elegant approach, use useCssVar:

import { useCssVar } from '@vueuse/core'

const el = ref<HTMLElement | null>(null)
const color = useCssVar('--el-color-primary', el)

// Change color
color.value = 'green'

Color System

Primary Colors

$colors: (
  'primary': (
    'base': #409eff,
  ),
  'success': (
    'base': #67c23a,
  ),
  'warning': (
    'base': #e6a23c,
  ),
  'danger': (
    'base': #f56c6c,
  ),
  'error': (
    'base': #f56c6c,
  ),
  'info': (
    'base': #909399,
  ),
);

CSS Variable Naming

Element Plus automatically generates CSS variables from SCSS:

Best Practices

1. Separate SCSS Files

Keep your custom variables separate from Element Plus variables:

styles/
├── element/
│   └── index.scss    # Element Plus variable overrides
└── custom/
    └── variables.scss # Your custom variables

This prevents slow hot updates caused by recompiling large SCSS files.

2. Import Order

Import your custom theme file before Element Plus styles:

import './styles/element/index.scss'  // Custom theme first
import ElementPlus from 'element-plus'

3. Use CSS Variables for Runtime Changes

For theme switching at runtime, prefer CSS variables over SCSS:

<script setup>
import { ref } from 'vue'

const isDark = ref(false)

const toggleTheme = () => {
  isDark.value = !isDark.value
  document.documentElement.style.setProperty(
    '--el-color-primary',
    isDark.value ? '#409eff' : '#67c23a'
  )
}
</script>

4. Performance Optimization

For better performance, use a class instead of :root:

/* Better performance */
.custom-theme {
  --el-color-primary: green;
}

Example Projects

• Full import: element-plus-vite-starter
• On demand: unplugin-element-plus/examples/vite

Input Parameters

When using this skill, provide:

• Theme method: SCSS variables or CSS variables
• Build tool: Vite, Webpack, or other
• Import method: Full import or on-demand import
• Customization scope: Global theme or component-specific

Output Format

This skill provides:

1. SCSS variable override examples
2. CSS variable override examples
3. Build tool configuration
4. Best practices and performance tips

Usage Limitations

• SCSS method requires build-time compilation
• CSS variables are not supported in IE11
• Some complex customizations may require both methods
• Hot module replacement may be slow with large SCSS files