Diagram & Data Animation

Make structure and data legible by revealing it over time — one idea per beat. Build progressive node/edge reveals, flowing connectors, and animated charts (bars grow, lines draw, numbers count up) for web or video.

When to use

• Architecture, flow, or sequence diagrams that build step by step.
• Animated charts: bars grow, lines draw on, numbers count up.
• "How it works" walkthroughs and process explainers.
• Showing data or signal flowing along connectors.

Core principle: progressive disclosure

Never show everything at once. Reveal in this order: nodes → edges → labels. Highlight the active element and dim the rest (focus + context). Pace to comprehension, not flash — hold each step 0.5–1.5s so it lands. Keep a consistent visual grammar: color means meaning, and that mapping never changes mid-piece.

Quick reference

Progressive node/edge reveal (SVG + GSAP)

<svg viewBox="0 0 400 200" id="flow">
  <g class="node" opacity="0"><circle cx="60" cy="100" r="28" fill="#0A84FF"/></g>
  <g class="node" opacity="0"><circle cx="200" cy="100" r="28" fill="#0A84FF"/></g>
  <g class="node" opacity="0"><circle cx="340" cy="100" r="28" fill="#0A84FF"/></g>
  <path class="edge" d="M88 100 H172" stroke="#888" stroke-width="3" fill="none" pathLength="1"/>
  <path class="edge" d="M228 100 H312" stroke="#888" stroke-width="3" fill="none" pathLength="1"/>
</svg>
<script type="module">
  import gsap from "https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/gsap/+esm";
  gsap.set(".edge", { strokeDasharray: 1, strokeDashoffset: 1 });
  const tl = gsap.timeline({ defaults: { ease: "power2.out" } });
  tl.to(".node", { opacity: 1, scale: 1, transformOrigin: "center",
                   duration: .45, stagger: .35, ease: "back.out(1.6)", startAt: { scale: .8 } })
    .to(".edge", { strokeDashoffset: 0, duration: .5, stagger: .35 }, "-=0.9");
</script>

pathLength="1" lets one dash value drive any edge length. Reveal nodes first, then draw edges between the now-visible nodes.

Flowing connector (marching dash + traveling dot)

.flow-line { stroke-dasharray: 8 8; animation: march 0.6s linear infinite; }
@keyframes march { to { stroke-dashoffset: -16; } }   /* = sum of dash pattern */
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce){ .flow-line { animation: none; } }

Traveling dot along the path (offset-path, no JS):

.packet { offset-path: path("M88 100 H312"); animation: travel 1.4s linear infinite; }
@keyframes travel { to { offset-distance: 100%; } }

Charts

Bar grow (scaleY from the baseline):

.bar { transform: scaleY(0); transform-origin: bottom; }
.bar.in { transform: scaleY(1); transition: transform .6s cubic-bezier(.22,1,.36,1); }
/* stagger via inline transition-delay per bar */

Line chart draw-on (the whole series path strokes in):

const len = pathEl.getTotalLength();
pathEl.style.strokeDasharray = len;
pathEl.style.strokeDashoffset = len;
pathEl.getBoundingClientRect();                 // force reflow
pathEl.style.transition = "stroke-dashoffset 1s ease-in-out";
pathEl.style.strokeDashoffset = "0";

Count-up with eased interpolation (rAF):

function countUp(el, to, dur = 1200) {
  const t0 = performance.now();
  const fmt = new Intl.NumberFormat();
  (function tick(now){
    const k = Math.min(1, (now - t0) / dur);
    const e = 1 - Math.pow(1 - k, 3);           // easeOutCubic
    el.textContent = fmt.format(Math.round(to * e));
    if (k < 1) requestAnimationFrame(tick);
  })(t0);
}

Build-tool choice

• Inline animated SVG + GSAP/CSS: best for bespoke diagrams and full control on the web.
• Framer Motion (React): declarative reveals via variants + staggerChildren; pairs with Visx/Recharts for charts.
• D3 + transitions: data-bound charts; .transition().duration().attr() for grow/draw, tween for count-up.
• Mermaid / Excalidraw: author the diagram structure fast, render to SVG, then animate the SVG.
• Remotion (React): data-driven, deterministic renders for video output and repeatable exports.

Output checklist

• Reveal order is nodes → edges → labels; nothing dumps in all at once.
• Each step holds long enough to read (0.5–1.5s).
• Color grammar is consistent and meaningful.
• Active element highlighted, context dimmed.
• prefers-reduced-motion path shows the final composed diagram without looping motion.

Deliver & verify (standalone HTML)

Packaged helper (scripts/): scripts/seek-shot.sh anim.html 0 1.5 3 freezes the ?t=N harness and screenshots each moment; scripts/contact-sheet.sh sheet.png frame-*.png tiles them for one-glance review. See scripts/README.md.

For a self-contained diagram (reveal, flowing connector, animated chart) the deliverable is one HTML file that opens directly in a browser — no build step, no render pipeline. A single file is the right tier for web motion. (If the diagram is part of a rendered video, build it as a Remotion composition instead and verify via remotion still — see remotion-video.)

Output contract:

• One .html file: SVG inline; Framer Motion / D3 / anime / GSAP from CDN; the animation in one inline <script> (one driver).
• A way to freeze an exact moment for screenshots, matched to how the diagram animates:

- GSAP / JS timeline: build one master tl, then ?t=N → tl.pause(); tl.seek(N). - SVG SMIL: svg.pauseAnimations(); svg.setCurrentTime(N). - CSS keyframes: drive reveal order with animationDelay; freeze by pausing/seeking the equivalent JS timeline.

<script>
  // ... build your master timeline as `tl` ...
  const t = new URLSearchParams(location.search).get("t");
  if (t !== null) { tl.pause(); tl.seek(parseFloat(t)); }  // frozen at t seconds
  window.__ready = true;                                    // ready signal for headless wait
  console.log("duration", tl.duration());
</script>

Verify loop — render → freeze → screenshot → check:

1. Open the file at start / mid / end: …/diagram.html?t=0, ?t=<dur/2>, ?t=<dur> (read tl.duration() from the console).
2. Headless-screenshot each frozen frame:

``bash npx playwright screenshot --wait-for-timeout=500 "file://$PWD/diagram.html?t=1.2" frame-mid.png ``

1. Check fidelity — the step-by-step reveal appears in order (nodes → edges → labels, each step present at its frame), connectors point at the right nodes, count-ups land on the EXACT values — and artifacts (clipped labels, off-canvas nodes, FOUC before fonts, jank at seams).

Before you finish:

1. Opens standalone in a browser — no console errors, no missing CDN.
2. One driver/master timeline; the freeze (?t=N / setCurrentTime) lands on a deterministic still.
3. Screenshotted at start / mid / end — reveal order correct, connectors land on the right nodes, numbers exact.
4. prefers-reduced-motion shows the final composed diagram without looping motion.
5. Color grammar consistent; active element highlighted, context dimmed; nothing dumps in all at once.

Reference files

• references/diagram-and-chart-recipes.md — fuller runnable code: staged node/edge reveal with labels, flowing-dash + traveling-dot connectors, bar/line/count-up chart recipes, sequence-diagram and architecture build patterns, and D3 / Framer Motion / Remotion implementations with easing notes.