Swift Security

Use this skill for client-side Apple platform security work: Keychain Services, access control, biometric-gated secrets, CryptoKit, Secure Enclave keys, credential storage, certificate trust, keychain sharing, legacy secret migration, security testing, and OWASP mobile compliance mapping.

Default to iOS 17+ and Swift concurrency examples when the deployment target is unknown. Keep iOS 13+ compatibility notes when the user asks for older targets. Treat iOS 26 CryptoKit post-quantum APIs as availability-gated.

Contents

• [Workflow](#workflow)
• [Reference Loading](#reference-loading)
• [Security Invariants](#security-invariants)
• [Sibling Boundaries](#sibling-boundaries)
• [Review Checklist](#review-checklist)
• [Common Mistakes](#common-mistakes)
• [Output Rules](#output-rules)
• [References](#references)

Workflow

Classify the request before loading references.

1. Review existing code: run the [Review Checklist](#review-checklist), then

load [common-anti-patterns.md](references/common-anti-patterns.md) plus the domain reference for each failing area. Report severity, evidence, and the corrected pattern.

1. Improve or migrate code: identify the migration type, load the migration

and target-domain references, preserve existing data, verify the new item, then remove legacy storage only after success.

1. Implement new security code: load the minimum domain references, use the

provided correct patterns, include OSStatus handling and tests, then run the relevant checklist.

Do not load every reference file by default. This skill is intentionally split for progressive disclosure; load only the files needed by the user's task.

Minimum Safe Keychain Write

Use separate add, identity, and update dictionaries; handle every OSStatus:

func saveSecret(_ data: Data, account: String) throws {
    let identity: [CFString: Any] = [
        kSecClass: kSecClassGenericPassword,
        kSecAttrService: "com.example.app",
        kSecAttrAccount: account,
    ]
    var add = identity
    add[kSecValueData] = data
    add[kSecAttrAccessible] = kSecAttrAccessibleAfterFirstUnlockThisDeviceOnly

    switch SecItemAdd(add as CFDictionary, nil) {
    case errSecSuccess:
        return
    case errSecDuplicateItem:
        let status = SecItemUpdate(
            identity as CFDictionary,
            [kSecValueData: data] as CFDictionary
        )
        guard status == errSecSuccess else { throw KeychainError(status: status) }
    case let status:
        throw KeychainError(status: status)
    }
}

Load [keychain-fundamentals.md](references/keychain-fundamentals.md) for read, delete, access-control, locked-device, and test patterns.

Reference Loading

Security Invariants

Use directive language only for these security invariants and the matching anti-patterns in [common-anti-patterns.md](references/common-anti-patterns.md). For architecture choices outside this list, use advisory language.

• Never store tokens, passwords, API keys, signing keys, or refresh tokens in

UserDefaults, Info.plist, .xcconfig, source code, logs, files, or NSCoding archives. Use Keychain or fetch secrets at runtime.

• Never ignore OSStatus. Every SecItemAdd, SecItemCopyMatching,

SecItemUpdate, and SecItemDelete path must handle success and expected failures such as errSecDuplicateItem, errSecItemNotFound, and errSecInteractionNotAllowed.

• Never use LAContext.evaluatePolicy() as the only gate for a secret. Bind

protected secrets to keychain items with SecAccessControl, then let keychain access trigger LocalAuthentication.

• Always set kSecAttrAccessible or kSecAttrAccessControl explicitly when

adding keychain items.

• Always use add-or-update for persistent keychain writes. Do not delete-then-add

as a normal update path.

• Keep SecItem* work off the main actor. Use an actor or serial queue for

keychain access.

• On macOS AppKit targets, target the data protection keychain with

kSecUseDataProtectionKeychain: true unless deliberately working with legacy file-based keychain items.

• Never reuse an AES-GCM nonce with the same key.
• Never use raw ECDH SharedSecret bytes as a symmetric key. Derive with HKDF

or X9.63 derivation.

• Never use Insecure.MD5 or Insecure.SHA1 for security purposes.

Sibling Boundaries

This skill owns client-side storage, cryptographic primitives, hardware-backed keys, and trust evaluation. Route adjacent work deliberately:

• Use authentication for Sign in with Apple, passkeys, OAuth UI flows,

ASAuthorizationController, credential state, and account sign-in UX.

• Use cryptokit for primitive CryptoKit API syntax and examples when storage,

key lifecycle, protocol/trust design, Secure Enclave policy, certificate trust, misuse review, or compliance is not part of the task.

• Keep application-level E2E encryption security reviews here when the work

involves key ownership, derivation, storage, rotation/recovery, Secure Enclave, HPKE/PQC migration, protocol trust boundaries, or misuse analysis.

• Use device-integrity for DeviceCheck and App Attest attestation/assertion

flows.

• Use ios-networking for URLSession, request pipelines, ATS configuration,

retries, caching, reachability, and transport architecture.

• Use app-store-review for privacy manifests, ATT, App Review guideline

compliance, and submission readiness.

This skill may mention those areas only to identify a security handoff.

Review Checklist

Use this checklist for code reviews and migration plans. Mark each item pass, fail, or not applicable; for each failure, cite the reference file and severity.

• Secrets are not stored in UserDefaults, plists, source, logs, files, or

archives.

• Every SecItem* call checks OSStatus and handles common recoverable errors.
• Biometric access to secrets is keychain-bound with SecAccessControl, not a

standalone Bool from LAContext.evaluatePolicy().

• Keychain add dictionaries set an explicit accessibility policy.
• Keychain writes use add-or-update rather than delete-then-add.
• Keychain work is isolated from UI/main-actor code.
• The selected kSecClass matches the item type and primary-key attributes.
• CryptoKit code avoids nonce reuse, raw shared-secret use, weak hashes, and

hardcoded keys.

• Custom encryption designs identify key ownership, derivation, storage,

rotation/recovery, availability gates, and protocol/trust boundaries.

• Secure Enclave code checks availability, handles simulator/device differences,

persists only dataRepresentation, and designs for device-bound keys.

• App/extension sharing uses full Team ID access groups and matching

entitlements on every target.

• Certificate trust uses current SecTrust APIs, validates hostname/policy, and

uses SPKI or CA pinning when pinning is required.

• macOS keychain code intentionally chooses data protection or file-based

keychain behavior.

• Tests cover success, duplicate, missing item, locked-device, simulator/device,

and migration paths where applicable.

• OWASP MASVS/MASTG mappings are included when compliance is requested.

Common Mistakes

• Generating partial keychain examples without duplicate handling or

errSecItemNotFound handling.

• Adding biometric UI but leaving the secret readable without keychain access

control.

• Choosing kSecAttrAccessibleWhenUnlocked implicitly by omitting the attribute.
• Using kSecAttrAccessibleAlways or

kSecAttrAccessibleAlwaysThisDeviceOnly, both deprecated.

• Mixing kSecAttrAccessible and kSecAttrAccessControl on the same add query.
• Treating Secure Enclave keys as importable, exportable, syncable, or suitable

for symmetric encryption.

• Claiming SHA-3, ML-KEM, ML-DSA, or X-Wing CryptoKit APIs are available before

iOS 26.

• Treating HPKE as available before iOS 17.
• Implementing certificate pinning by hashing only raw key bytes instead of the

correct SPKI representation.

• Expanding this skill into account-login, networking, App Attest, or App Store

review guidance instead of handing off to sibling skills.

Output Rules

• For security findings, state severity: CRITICAL for exploitable secret or

cryptography failures, HIGH for silent security boundary/data-loss issues, and MEDIUM for brittle or incomplete hardening.

• Include wrong and corrected code examples for implementation reviews when a

concrete anti-pattern is present.

• Include minimum iOS/macOS availability when recommending versioned APIs.
• Cite the reference file that supports each substantive security pattern.
• For keychain code, include OSStatus handling and explicit accessibility in

examples.

• For implementation or migration answers, end with ## Reference Files and

list the loaded references with a one-line purpose.

• Do not invent WWDC session numbers or source citations. If a claim is not

present in the loaded references or official Apple documentation, say it needs verification.

References

• [keychain-fundamentals.md](references/keychain-fundamentals.md) - SecItem CRUD, OSStatus handling, add-or-update, macOS data protection keychain.
• [keychain-item-classes.md](references/keychain-item-classes.md) - kSecClass selection, primary keys, certificates, identities.
• [keychain-access-control.md](references/keychain-access-control.md) - Accessibility constants, SecAccessControl, background access, data protection.
• [biometric-authentication.md](references/biometric-authentication.md) - Keychain-bound biometrics, LAContext, enrollment-change handling.
• [secure-enclave.md](references/secure-enclave.md) - Secure Enclave constraints, persistence, biometric keys, iOS 26 PQ APIs.
• [cryptokit-symmetric.md](references/cryptokit-symmetric.md) - SHA, HMAC, AES-GCM, ChaChaPoly, HKDF, PBKDF2.
• [cryptokit-public-key.md](references/cryptokit-public-key.md) - Signing, key agreement, HPKE, ML-KEM, ML-DSA, key formats.
• [credential-storage-patterns.md](references/credential-storage-patterns.md) - OAuth tokens, API keys, rotation, logout cleanup.
• [keychain-sharing.md](references/keychain-sharing.md) - Access groups, extensions, iCloud sync, macOS access groups.
• [certificate-trust.md](references/certificate-trust.md) - SecTrust, SPKI/CA pinning, NSPinnedDomains, client certificates.
• [migration-legacy-stores.md](references/migration-legacy-stores.md) - UserDefaults/plist/NSCoding migration and cleanup.
• [common-anti-patterns.md](references/common-anti-patterns.md) - Review backbone for insecure generated code.
• [testing-security-code.md](references/testing-security-code.md) - Protocol mocks, real keychain tests, CI/device split.
• [compliance-owasp-mapping.md](references/compliance-owasp-mapping.md) - OWASP Mobile Top 10, MASVS, MASTG evidence mapping.